After the Hundred Years' War, the Most Important Element in Battles

After the Hundred Years' War, the most important element in battles would become

A) the longbow, which kept combatants at a greater distance from each other.
B) the cavalry, which could maneuver better than other fighting units.
C) the element of surprise, which would lead to preemptive strikes.
D) hand to hand combat, resulting in more aftereffects among the survivors.
E) the infantry, due to the fact that individuals could forage off the land if necessary.