The Jihad of Abd Al-Qadir

The jihad of Abd al-Qadir

A) began in the 1840s and lasted until the death of al-Qadir in 1853.
B) successfully defended Algeria against the French for about fifty years.
C) ended almost as quickly as it began, with terrible losses for the African Muslims.
D) in many ways hinted at the Algerian war for independence a century later.
E) was actually a thinly-disguised attempt by al-Qadir to seize political control of Algeria.