In ruminants, vibriosis is associated with which of the following?

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Vibriosis in ruminants is associated with infertility and irregular estrous cycles. It is caused by a type of bacteria called Campylobacter fetus, which can colonize the reproductive tract and cause abortion, premature birth, or infertility in both males and females. It is often seen in dairy and beef cattle but can also affect other ruminants such as sheep and goats. Renal failure and septicemic disease are more often associated with other bacterial infections such as leptospirosis or E. coli, while malignant edema and pulpy kidney are associated with Clostridium perfringens infections. Acute stomatitis and diarrhea can be caused by a variety of factors such as viral or bacterial infections, toxins, or nutritional deficiencies.

In Ruminants, Vibriosis Is Associated with Which of the Following