The concept of "marital happiness" is transformed from an abstract concept to something measurable, such as "a score of 80 or above on the Spousal Satisfaction Scale" in a process called

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The transformation of an abstract concept (marital happiness) into a measurable variable (a score of 80 or above on the Spousal Satisfaction Scale) is an example of operationalization. This process involves defining variables in a way that they can be easily measured or observed, and is a key component of quantitative research. Deductive research involves starting with a theory and testing hypotheses, while inductive research involves starting with observations and developing a theory based on those observations. Conceptualization is the process of defining abstract concepts in a particular research context.

The Concept of "Marital Happiness" Is Transformed from an Abstract