Through such devices as the initiative, the referendum, and the recall, progressive reformers hoped to

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The initiative, referendum, and recall were tools used by progressive reformers to increase the power of the electorate and make officeholders more responsible to the people. The initiative allowed voters to propose new laws, the referendum allowed voters to approve or reject laws passed by the legislature, and the recall allowed voters to remove elected officials from office before their term was up. All of these devices were designed to increase the influence of the people and make government more responsive to their concerns.

Through Such Devices as the Initiative, the Referendum, and the Recall