In two-way ANOVA, the variability within each cell is used to produce an estimate of s 2 that is independent of any treatment effects.

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In a two-way ANOVA, the variability within each cell, known as the residual variance, is used to estimate the population variance, s^2, which is assumed to be independent of any treatment effects. This estimate is used to calculate the F-statistic and determine the significance of the main effects and interaction between the two factors being studied.

In Two-Way ANOVA, the Variability Within Each Cell Is Used