A Physician Is Beginning a Cardiology Fellowship That Strongly Encourages

A physician is beginning a cardiology fellowship that strongly encourages research.  One of the attending physicians is conducting a new clinical research trial on immunotherapy in patients with heart failure, with the goal of reducing hospitalizations and mortality.  Participants will receive regular follow-up and be offered small monetary compensation for their time, but recruitment of patients admitted through the emergency department or referred from community hospitals has been slow.  However, there is a large incarcerated population that also uses the hospital.  The attending suggests that these patients may be a good source for recruitment of study subjects.  Which of the following is the most appropriate response to the attending's suggestion?

A) Certain forms of research with incarcerated populations are permissible, but additional institutional review board approval is necessary.
B) Incarcerated individuals are not allowed to give informed consent to participate in research studies due to their status.
C) Incarcerated individuals can participate as long as there is no incentive for early release.
D) Incarcerated individuals can participate but cannot be offered any monetary compensation due to concerns about coercion.
E) Research on incarcerated individuals is always considered unethical.