Black Power Emerged as a Response to All of the Following

Black Power emerged as a response to all of the following factors EXCEPT:

A) frustrations over the federal government's failure to stop violence against civil rights workers.
B) white workers' attempts to determine the civil rights movement's strategy.
C) the civil rights movement's failure to have any impact on the economic problems of black ghettos.
D) the growing ideas of racial self-assertion and black self-determination.
E) the passage of the Civil Rights Act.