A confound is a threat to _____ validity.

Question

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A confound is a variable other than the independent variable that affects the outcome of the study, making it difficult to determine whether the independent variable actually caused the observed effects. This is a threat to internal validity, the extent to which a study is measuring what it claims to be measuring, because it undermines the ability to draw causal inferences from the data. External validity refers to the generalizability of the findings to other populations or settings, construct validity refers to the degree to which the study measures the theoretical concept it is intended to measure, and content validity refers to the adequacy of the measurement instruments and procedures used to collect the data. While these types of validity may also be affected by confounds, internal validity is the most directly threatened by them.

A Confound Is a Threat to _____ Validity