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Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Suicide risk is associated with a variety of factors. Personal factors include childhood abuse, certain personality traits (eg, impulsiveness, aggression) , and history of mental illness. Over 90% of people who attempt suicide meet diagnostic criteria for at least one psychological disorder, and suicide risk increases as the number of co-occurring disorders increases. Diagnosis severity also matters: studies suggest that individuals are at greatest risk of attempting suicide while inpatient at or newly discharged from a psychiatric hospital.Social factors also play a role in suicide. Sociologist Émile Durkheim argued that embeddedness in society is a key feature in determining the likelihood of an individual committing suicide. Specifically, the more people that depend on an individual financially, emotionally, or physically, the less likely that individual is to commit suicide. Studies suggest that suicide is also linked to religious affiliation and income level. Religious groups that place more value on community events, church attendance, and collective solidarity tend to have lower rates of suicide among members, whereas more affluent individuals are more likely to commit suicide.Economic trends have also been linked to suicide. One study retrospectively analyzed the relationship between the U.S. economy and suicide rates. It found that the overall suicide rate tends to rise during economic recessions and drop during economic expansions (Figure 1) .
Figure 1 U.S. suicide rates compared to economic trendsFurther analysis of suicide data suggests that for every individual who successfully commits suicide, approximately 25 individuals are unsuccessful in such attempts, costing the United States billions of dollars annually in both lost wages and treatment expense. Although white, middle-aged men are the most likely cohort to successfully commit suicide, women attempt suicide three times more often than men.
-Durkheim describes a type of suicide committed by individuals who feel disconnected from society for not providing them a moral compass. What is the societal condition that occurs when a society does not provide enough moral guidance to individuals?

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Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Suicide risk is associated with a variety of factors. Personal factors include childhood abuse, certain personality traits (eg, impulsiveness, aggression) , and history of mental illness. Over 90% of people who attempt suicide meet diagnostic criteria for at least one psychological disorder, and suicide risk increases as the number of co-occurring disorders increases. Diagnosis severity also matters: studies suggest that individuals are at greatest risk of attempting suicide while inpatient at or newly discharged from a psychiatric hospital.Social factors also play a role in suicide. Sociologist Émile Durkheim argued that embeddedness in society is a key feature in determining the likelihood of an individual committing suicide. Specifically, the more people that depend on an individual financially, emotionally, or physically, the less likely that individual is to commit suicide. Studies suggest that suicide is also linked to religious affiliation and income level. Religious groups that place more value on community events, church attendance, and collective solidarity tend to have lower rates of suicide among members, whereas more affluent individuals are more likely to commit suicide.Economic trends have also been linked to suicide. One study retrospectively analyzed the relationship between the U.S. economy and suicide rates. It found that the overall suicide rate tends to rise during economic recessions and drop during economic expansions (Figure 1) .

Figure 1 U.S. suicide rates compared to economic trendsFurther analysis of suicide data suggests that for every individual who successfully commits suicide, approximately 25 individuals are unsuccessful in such attempts, costing the United States billions of dollars annually in both lost wages and treatment expense. Although white, middle-aged men are the most likely cohort to successfully commit suicide, women attempt suicide three times more often than men.
-Durkheim describes a type of suicide committed by individuals who feel disconnected from society for not providing them a moral compass. What is the societal condition that occurs when a society does not provide enough moral guidance to individuals?

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11ecba2d_0c27_c4a6_a3bf_71a7bcdda365_MD0008_00 Anomie is a state of normlessness that occurs when a society fails to provide individuals with norms and values to guide behavior. In an anomic society, individuals lack guidance and purpose and feel aimless or alienated from society. Anomie is often the result of a shift or transition in society that causes instability, undermining current norms (before new norms arise to replace them). Anomie variously impacts individuals within society based on which norms are undermined and how. For example, during the Industrial Revolution, many individuals who moved to cities (a new way of life) experienced anomie, but those who remained in the countryside were less likely to be affected because the norms governing life prior to the Industrial Revolution were still in effect. (Choice B) Cultural relativism is the evaluation of a society's norms and values in comparison to itself instead of in comparison to another society. Beliefs, values, norms, and practices are not considered good or bad but depend on the cultural context from which they arise. The opposite of cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, judges the norms and values of one society as good or bad compared to those of another society. (Choice C) Relative deprivation describes feelings of discontent experienced by those who are being deprived of something to which they feel entitled. For example, women were not allowed to vote in the United States before 1920, and as a result many felt deprived of this right of citizenship. Relative deprivation often leads to social movements (eg, the suffrage movement) but does not describe societies that lack moral guidance. (Choice D) Deindividuation describes a process by which someone loses self-awareness in a group and behaves in a way that is out of character. For example, a person who is not normally violent may engage in looting when part of an emotionally charged, riotous crowd. Educational objective: Anomie is a state of normlessness in society. When the norms and values of a society are undermined and have yet to be replaced, the social system reaches the condition of anomie. Individuals in an anomic society lack the guidance and purpose that society usually provides; as a result, they may feel less tied to society, aimless, or alienated.

Passage Suicide Is One of the Leading Causes of Death in in the United