In a two-part procedure for teaching children with diabetes to self-inject insulin, a child is first shown a video of same-aged peers self-injecting insulin and is then given a sticker for each attempt to self-inject. This procedure utilizes:

Question

In a two-part procedure for teaching children with diabetes to self-inject insulin, a child is first shown a video of same-aged peers self-injecting insulin and is then given a sticker for each attempt to self-inject.  This procedure utilizes:

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11ecba2d_0d99_ca85_a3bf_c10ceddbf433_MD0008_00 Observational learning occurs as the result of watching others engage in a behavior. For example, a child learns how to self-inject insulin by watching peers self-inject in a video. There are four processes critical to observational learning: attention (focusing on others' behavior), retention (storing observations in memory), reproduction (imitating others' behavior), and motivation (incentive to imitate behavior). Operant conditioning occurs when the likelihood of repeating a behavior is influenced by a consequence (ie, reinforcement or punishment). Positive reinforcement increases/maintains behavior through the application of a desirable stimulus (ie, reinforcer). Primary reinforcers are naturally rewarding (eg, candy), whereas secondary reinforcers are conditioned to be desirable (eg, stickers). Therefore, a child learning to self-inject insulin by watching peers utilizes observational learning and rewarding the child with a sticker for attempting to self-inject utilizes secondary reinforcement. (Choices A and B) Classical conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus that did not previously elicit a response takes on the properties of a biologically arousing (ie, unconditioned) stimulus after being paired (eg, infant fears a white toy rat after it is paired with a loud noise). The procedure does not utilize classical conditioning. (Choices B and C) In a token economy, certain behaviors (eg, completing homework) are positively reinforced through the use of tokens (eg, gold stars), which are secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for a desirable reward (eg, 5 gold stars can be exchanged for candy). The procedure does not involve trading in secondary reinforcers for a desirable reward, so it is not utilizing a token economy. Educational objective: Observational learning occurs as the result of watching others. Primary reinforcers are naturally rewarding (eg, food), whereas secondary reinforcers are conditioned to be desirable (eg, money).

In a Two-Part Procedure for Teaching Children with Diabetes to Self-Inject