Passage
The destruction of the White House was not the fault of its original builders. When James Hoban designed a presidential palace to reflect George Washington's vision for a residence in 1792, he upheld the best architectural standards of his day. By the time of the 1948-1952 renovation, however, there were plenty of people to blame for the White House's condition. A combination of poor planning, carelessness, and neglect throughout the intervening years caused a catastrophic deterioration.Robert Klara recounts a history of changes to the White House that gradually compromised its structural integrity, beginning as far back as 1833 when Andrew Jackson had pipes installed for running water. Subsequent presidents added modern conveniences in pace with technological developments: gas lighting for James Polk, a telephone system for Rutherford Hayes, and air conditioning for Chester Arthur, among others. None of these advancements could have been anticipated by Hoban, and they had the dual effect of increasing the load borne by the house while decreasing its ability to bear that burden. The builders responsible for the many additions performed "careless and foolish maneuvers that a first-year architecture student would never have made," such as installing doorways in load-bearing walls or destroying the keystones of a brick arch. Deep cuts were carved into crucial support beams to make room for pipes, wiring, and air ducts, weakening the beams and concentrating weight that would otherwise have been more evenly distributed.By the turn of the twentieth century, the structural failings of the White House had become difficult to ignore. The building was likely beyond saving at that point, and President Roosevelt didn't help matters by allowing architect Charles McKim only four months to make repairs. McKim reinforced the second floor as well as he could within the time allotted, but his efforts only delayed the inevitable. In 1925, Calvin Coolidge scoffed at reports that the White House roof was unsafe until "[a] chunk of it broke off and bonked President Coolidge in the head." Poetic justice notwithstanding, the repairs to which he only then begrudgingly agreed had a disastrous side effect: the weight of the roof was shifted away from the stronger outer walls to the weaker inner ones, causing enormous structural strain.The need to reconstruct the mansion reached a breaking point during the Harry Truman administration. Walls continued to sink and pull away from ceilings; heavy chandeliers swung dangerously from movement on the floor above them; the entire East Room required scaffolding to prevent the collapse of its ceiling. More dramatic incidents involved daughter Margaret Truman's piano. Not only did the floor of her sitting room begin to sway up and down while she was playing a duet with a friend, but no steps were taken to move the piano away from the weak floor afterward. Predictably, White House residents and staff were later horrified when one of the piano's legs crashed through, puncturing the overtaxed wood and sending debris cascading into the room below. As for Margaret, Klara relates how she called the Steinway company to ask for "a man who could come over to rescue a piano."That event was the crescendo in a long string of architectural warnings. Ultimately, there was little choice but to tear down and rebuild the White House. The exterior façade was preserved, as were a few of the interior's furnishings and decorations. Still, the extensive transformation left many feeling that the White House was no longer the same.
-Which of the following historical facts would be most unexpected, based on passage information about events from the time of the White House's construction to its eventual renovation?
A) Calvin Coolidge outfitted the White House with secondhand pipes taken from Fort Meade army base.
B) Andrew Johnson required the White House to be equipped with a telegraph.
C) Harry Truman won re-election in 1948 but had to vacate the White House anyway.
D) George Washington never lived in the presidential mansion whose construction he initiated.
Correct Answer:
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