The nurse teaches disease management to a group of clients with type I diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse teach as signs or symptoms associated with hypoglycemia? Select all that apply.

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Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose <70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) is an acute and potentially serious complication that occurs when levels of insulin exceed the proportion of glucose. Epinephrine is one of the major hormones released during a hypoglycemic reaction and may cause early symptoms such as trembling, palpitations, anxiety/arousal, and restlessness. Diaphoresis and pallor are present on examination. When the brain is deprived of glucose due to prolonged and severe hypoglycemia, neuroglycopenic symptoms (confusion, seizures, coma) develop. (Option B) Flushing (red skin) is commonly seen with fever, carcinoid syndrome, polycythemia vera, and sexual intercourse. Flushing is not seen with hypoglycemia. (Option D) Polyuria and weight loss are usually associated with hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. Educational objective: Hypoglycemia (blood glucose <70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L]) is an acute and potentially serious complication. Signs and symptoms include shakiness, palpitations, anxiety/arousal, restlessness, diaphoresis, and pallor.

The Nurse Teaches Disease Management to a Group of Clients