The nurse educates a group of clients in the infertility clinic about risk factors contributing to infertility. Which factors should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

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Infertility is the inability to conceive after unprotected intercourse (ie, no contraceptive use) for >12 months. Female fertility declines as women age, with the first significant decrease seen after age 35 (Option C). Hormonal dysfunction (eg, polycystic ovarian syndrome) can cause ovarian cysts and anovulatory cycles (ie, lack of ovulation during a menstrual cycle), which impair fertility (Option D). Some sexually transmitted infections (eg, chlamydia) may be asymptomatic in females, which can delay treatment (eg, antibiotics). Untreated or recurrent infections cause inflammation (eg, pelvic inflammatory disease), scarring, and damage to the reproductive tract, leading to infertility (Option E). Endometriosis is characterized by endometrial tissue (ie, inner lining of the uterus) depositing outside the uterus. These endometrial lesions can result in chronic inflammation, pelvic pain, menstrual cycle abnormalities, and infertility (Option B). (Option A) Optimal female fertility is achieved at a BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m²; a BMI of 22 kg/m² is within this normal range. Very low or very high BMI is associated with hormonal dysfunction and impaired fertility. Educational objective: Infertility is the inability to conceive after unprotected intercourse for >12 months. Factors contributing to female infertility include hormonal dysfunction (eg, polycystic ovarian syndrome) with anovulation, high or low BMI, and conditions that can lead to reproductive tract scarring and damage (eg, infection, endometriosis).

The Nurse Educates a Group of Clients in the Infertility