The nurse is reinforcing education with the parents of a 2-year-old child about diet choices to promote growth. The family observes a strict vegan diet. Which of the following statements by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply.

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With careful monitoring of nutritional intake, a vegan diet (ie, excluding all animal-derived products [eg, meat, dairy, eggs]) can be appropriate for clients in all age groups. Pediatric clients consuming a vegan diet are at increased risk for nutritional deficiencies (eg, protein, calories, calcium, vitamin D, iron, vitamin B₁₂) due to rapid growth and development. Nurses educating clients about preventing nutritional deficiencies in vegan diets should include information about: Iron: Plant sources of iron, which are in smaller quantities and difficult to absorb, should be supplemented with fortified cereals and breads to decrease risk of iron-deficient anemia (Option B) Vitamin C: Iron absorption is improved when dietary sources of iron and vitamin C are taken together (Option D) Calcium: Without animal sources of calcium (eg, dairy, eggs, fish), vegan diets require supplementation of calcium and vitamin D for bone health (Option E) (Option A) Many plant-based proteins (eg, legumes, grains) do not individually contain all the essential amino acids to support growth and tissue repair; therefore, vegan clients will require further teaching on combinations of protein sources. (Option C) Fruits and vegetables do not provide vitamin B₁₂. The nurse should educate the parents on the need for multivitamins or fortified grains as quality vitamin B₁₂ sources. Educational objective: Pediatric clients consuming a vegan diet are at risk for dietary deficiencies (eg, iron, protein, calories, vitamin B₁₂, calcium, vitamin D). Parent education about supplementation and adequate food sources of these nutrients is necessary.

The Nurse Is Reinforcing Education with the Parents of a 2-Year-Old