The parent of a 5-year-old child calls the clinic to report the recurrence of a nosebleed for which the child was seen a week ago. Which of the following instructions should the nurse reinforce? Select all that apply.

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11ecbb05_cacf_0cc4_b433_c35a9c2f6f83_MD0009_00 Epistaxis (nosebleed) is a common and rarely serious nasal condition that can be caused by dry mucous membranes, local injury (eg, nose-picking), insertion of a foreign body, or rhinitis. Epistaxis usually involves the anterior nasal septum and often resolves spontaneously or with simple home management. Home management of epistaxis includes: Prioritizing application of direct, continuous pressure to the soft, compressible area below the nasal bone for 5-15 minutes to promote clot formation (Option B) Prioritizing application of direct, continuous pressure to the soft, compressible area below the nasal bone for 5-15 minutes to promote clot formation (Option B) Holding a cold cloth or ice pack to the bridge of the nose to induce vasoconstriction and slow bleeding (Option A) Holding a cold cloth or ice pack to the bridge of the nose to induce vasoconstriction and slow bleeding (Option A) Attempting to keep the client with epistaxis quiet and calm as emotional outbursts and noncooperation create a challenge to implementing interventions and stopping bleeding (Option C) Attempting to keep the client with epistaxis quiet and calm as emotional outbursts and noncooperation create a challenge to implementing interventions and stopping bleeding (Option C) (Option D) Positioning a child with epistaxis in a horizontal position or with the head tilted backward promotes drainage of blood into the throat, which increases the risk of swallowing or aspirating blood. Clients with epistaxis should sit upright and tilt the head forward. (Option E) Epistaxis is typically managed at home. However, the caregiver should seek emergency care if the client's breathing is impaired, or the bleeding is excessive or uncontrollable with home measures or resulted from a traumatic injury. Educational objective: Epistaxis (nosebleed) is a nasal condition typically occurring from local injury (eg, nose-picking) or irritation. Initial epistaxis management includes calming the client; tilting the head forward; applying direct, continuous nasal pressure for 5-15 minutes; and applying cold packs to the nasal bridge.

The Parent of a 5-Year-Old Child Calls the Clinic to Report