A 42-Year-Old Man Comes to the Physician for a Routine

A 42-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He feels well but has had several episodes of "finger pallor" over the past 4 months. During these episodes, the 4th finger of his left hand turns white. The color usually returns within 20 minutes, followed by redness and warmth of the finger. The episodes are mildly painful. The complaints most commonly occur on his way to work, when it is very cold outside. Once, it happened when he was rushing to the daycare center because he was late for picking up his daughter. The patient has gastroesophageal reflux disease treated with lansoprazole. His vital signs are within normal limits. Which of the following antibodies is most likely to be found in this patient?

A) Anti-dsDNA
B) Anti-centromere
C) Anti-histone
D) Anti-SSA and SSB
E) Anti-phospholipid