The Findings and Conclusions in a Research Study May Be

The findings and conclusions in a research study may be incorrect due to many different errors. Which of the following is not one of those errors?

A) Participants think the experimental treatment is supposed to cause a change, and so change occurs.
B) Giving each group of participants a different treatment, but all participants receive the same test.
C) Interaction between the researcher and participants was not the same for all participants.
D) Drawing conclusions based on the performance of a small group or assuming a cause and effect relationship that does not exist.
E) Being in a research study made participants feel important, so they tried harder.