Refer to the Following Paragraph

Refer to the following paragraph.
In the evening, males of a species of bee (Idiomelissodes duplocincta) form sleeping clusters in which dozens or hundreds of bees perch close together overnight. An assassin bug kills bees at these sleeping sites, but usually only one or two bees per night.
(A) The bees do not join forces to fight the bug when one appears, so it may be that a bee joins the cluster to lessen the risk that it will be one of the unlucky ones killed at random.
(B) The same sort of clustering of defenseless prey occurs in spadefoot frog tadpoles; hundreds of tadpoles swim and feed together in pools containing carnivorous water beetles that attack and kill them.
(C) In contrast, males of other bees in the genus Idiomelissodes are larger and more capable of deterring a predator on their own, and they sleep apart.
Sentence A most closely describes the

A) confusion effect hypothesis.
B) signal deception hypothesis.
C) selfish herd hypothesis.
D) dilution effect hypothesis.