Professor Reynolds Claims That When Male Emperor Penguins Stand in the Antarctic

Professor Reynolds claims that when male emperor penguins stand in the Antarctic winter, each with an egg cradled between his feet and his belly, the males' parental behavior is "altruistic." Reynolds is _______ because _______.

A) correct; the males run some risk of dying during the long incubation period and so incur a fitness cost by being parental
B) correct; the behavior, although risky, provides the help that is necessary to preserve the species over time
C) incorrect; each male is incubating his own egg, not someone else's
D) incorrect; even though the behavior is costly, males have no option except to behave in this manner because of their high parental hormone levels