An 82-year-old patient is admitted into the critical care unit with a diagnosis of left-sided heart failure related to mitral stenosis.Physical assessment findings reveal tachycardia with an S₃ and a 3/6 systolic murmur.The nurse knows that the presence of an S₃ heart sound is

Question

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The abnormal heart sounds are labeled the third heart sound (S₃)and the fourth heart sound (S₄)and are referred to as gallops when auscultated during an episode of tachycardia.Not unexpectedly, the development of an S₃ heart sound is strongly associated with elevated levels of brain natriuretic peptide.

An 82-Year-Old Patient Is Admitted into the Critical Care Unit