In winter, some birds stand on frozen ponds and lakes. How do they prevent their feet from freezing while simultaneously preventing excessive heat loss?

Name: In winter, some birds stand on frozen ponds and lakes. How do they prevent their feet from freezing while simultaneously preventing excessive heat loss?
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Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Birds use a counter-current heat exchange system in their legs, allowing their feet to cool below core temperature but remain above freezing, minimizing heat loss while preventing freezing.

In Winter, Some Birds Stand on Frozen Ponds and Lakes