Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) with PEEP May Be Beneficial to Patients

Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) with PEEP may be beneficial to patients with heart failure because a combination of PPV and PEEP reduces myocardial work by the following sequential outcomes.

A) Increase intrathoracic pressure, decrease right atrial pressure, decrease pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, decrease cardiac output
B) Increase intrathoracic pressure, increase right atrial pressure, decrease pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, decrease cardiac output
C) Increase intrathoracic pressure, increase right atrial pressure, increase pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, decrease cardiac output
D) Decrease intrathoracic pressure, decrease right atrial pressure, increase pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, increase cardiac output