One study showed that postpartum depression in China (where boys are preferred) was more common in women who gave birth to girls. A study in the United States showed that estrogen treatment can reduce symptoms of postpartum depression. These studies, together, suggest that postpartum depression is caused primarily by

Question

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The studies indicate that postpartum depression may be influenced by hormonal changes (biological), cultural preferences (cultural), and possibly psychological responses to these factors, suggesting a multifaceted cause.

One Study Showed That Postpartum Depression in China (Where Boys