In their studies of succession in Glacier Bay, Alaska, Chapin and colleagues found that the survival rate of germinated spruce seeds was highest at the _______ stage.
A) pioneer
B) Dryas
C) alder
D) spruce

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The pioneer stage is the first stage of succession, and it is characterized by the establishment of fast-growing, opportunistic species that can tolerate harsh conditions. In Glacier Bay, Alaska, Chapin and colleagues found that the survival rate of germinated spruce seeds was highest at the pioneer stage. This is likely because the pioneer species create a more favorable environment for the growth of spruce seedlings by providing shade and protection from the elements.

In Their Studies of Succession in Glacier Bay, Alaska, Chapin