Marie was very unhappy that her food came out cold at the restaurant and was rude to the server. She said, "Only an incompetent idiot would bring out food that wasn't hot." This is an example of a

Question

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Marie's statement is a disconfirming message because it invalidates the server's competence and effort, directly attacking their self-esteem and work performance without addressing the problem constructively.

Marie Was Very Unhappy That Her Food Came Out Cold