Braithwaite Argues That the Kind of Response That an Offender

Braithwaite argues that the kind of response that an offender receives has important implications for his or her future behavior. In this regard, he draws a distinction between:

A) shaming that is accompanied by rejection and exclusion versus shaming that is accompanied by forgiveness and re-embracing the offender as a member of the community
B) shaming that is carried out by official agents of social control versus shaming that is carried out informally
C) public humiliation versus punishment that is carried out behind closed doors
D) punishment versus treatment
E) punitive responses that hold offenders morally blameworthy for their actions versus sympathetic responses that recognize that offenders are products of the disruptive and dehumanizing social settings in which they live