According to Akers, age, sex, race, and class are indications of individuals' location in the social structure that affect the behavioral, normative, and reinforcement patterns to which they are likely to be exposed in society.

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Akers' social learning theory suggests that social structure factors like age, sex, race, and class influence the social environments individuals are exposed to, which in turn affect their learning of behaviors, norms, and reinforcements.

According to Akers, Age, Sex, Race, and Class Are Indications