In Interpreting the Correlation Between IQ Scores and Delinquency, Hirschi

In interpreting the correlation between IQ scores and delinquency, Hirschi and Hindelang take the position that:

A) IQ is directly related to delinquency; those low in intelligence are more apt to miscalculate the risks and consequences associated with illegal behavior
B) IQ is related to delinquency indirectly through its impact on school performance
C) IQ is related to official delinquency, but there is no connection between IQ and self-reported delinquency; what this suggests is that those high in intelligence are more adept at evading detection by official agents of social control
D) There is an interaction between IQ and social class; within the most socioeconomically disadvantaged segments of American society, it is those with high intelligence who are most likely to commit crime
E) IQ tests are so racially and culturally biased that they are virtually useless in shedding light on the connection between intelligence and delinquency