Allison's Daughter, Jenna, Is in Elementary School

Allison's daughter, Jenna, is in elementary school. Allison always tells Jenna how smart she is when she does well in school. Why does researcher Carol Dweck think this is a bad idea?

A) If Jenna associates doing well with being smart, she will understand the association between effort and achievement.
B) If Jenna associates doing well with being smart, she will focus on grades rather than on learning or being challenged.
C) If Jenna associates doing well with being smart, she will be never be content.
D) If Jenna thinks she's smart, she will be more likely to look down on other students.