According to Gilbert Herdt, a case can be made for the existence of a supernumerary sex or gender if

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Herdt argues that a supernumerary sex or gender can be identified when a culture establishes a unique symbolic niche and social development pathway for each sex or gender, which significantly diverges from the traditional male-female binary model. This involves more than just biological differences or the swapping of roles; it's about the cultural recognition and structuring of gender beyond the binary.

According to Gilbert Herdt, a Case Can Be Made for the Existence