Question 1

A person from which type of culture would place value and emphasis on a single person's rights and freedoms, and would prioritize that person over the needs of a larger group?

Accepted Answer

Individualist cultures prioritize the rights and freedoms of the individual over the needs of the group, emphasizing personal autonomy and self-expression.

Question 2

Interdependence, obligation to others, and focusing on group achievement are all core values of a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures emphasize the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and wishes of each individual. In such cultures, interdependence, obligation to others, and focusing on group achievement are highly valued.

Question 3

Twin studies of certain personality traits show a heritability of ________.

Accepted Answer

Twin studies have consistently found that the heritability of various personality traits tends to fall in the range of 40 to 50 percent, indicating that genetics account for about half of the variance in personality traits among individuals.

Question 4

Studies on extroversion and neuroticism show that these traits correlate ________ with ________ parents than with ________ parents.

Accepted Answer

Studies on extroversion and neuroticism have shown that these traits correlate more strongly with biological parents than with adopted parents, indicating a genetic component to these personality traits.

Question 5

Factors other than genetic factors, shared environmental factors, and nonshared environmental factors contribute how much to personality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Factors other than genetic factors, shared environmental...

Question 6

Which of the following might be used by a psychologist to assess someone's personality?

Accepted Answer

Unstructured interviews are commonly used by psychologists to assess personality by allowing for open-ended responses that can reveal aspects of an individual's personality. Lie detector tests, IQ tests, and handwriting analysis are not standard tools for personality assessment in psychology.

Question 7

Julio is having troubles in his relationships with family, friends, and colleagues. What would the best method be to assess Julio's personality as well as his family dynamics?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Julio is having troubles in his relationships...

Question 8

A person who practices which of these believes that they can predict others' unique personality traits by assessing the bumps on their heads?

Accepted Answer

Phrenology is the practice of assessing a person's character or personality traits by examining the shape of their skull, including the bumps on their head.

Question 9

The MMPI-2 includes how many scales that help guard against dishonest or inaccurate responding on the part of the test taker?

Accepted Answer

The MMPI-2 includes validity scales designed specifically to help identify dishonest or inaccurate responding. These scales are used to assess the test taker's approach to the test, including whether they are answering truthfully, exaggerating problems, or minimizing their issues.

Question 10

Ailsa has been given a card with an abstract shape on it and is asked "What might this be?" It is most likely that Ailsa is taking which personality test?

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach test involves showing participants abstract inkblots and asking them what each one might be, to analyze their personality and emotional functioning.

Question 11

Which choice refers to the tendency to see truths about ourselves in general, nonspecific personality statements or predictions?

Accepted Answer

The Barnum effect describes the phenomenon where individuals believe that vague, general personality descriptions apply specifically to them, often used in horoscopes and fortune telling. This effect explains why people can find personal truths in statements that are actually broad and nonspecific.

Question 12

According to Freud, repressed sexual and aggressive urges as well as irrational thoughts are housed in the ________.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that repressed sexual and aggressive urges, along with irrational thoughts, are stored in the unconscious mind, which influences behavior without our conscious awareness.

Question 13

As a young man is having a romantic encounter with his new girlfriend, he addresses his new girlfriend by his old girlfriend's name. This is an example of a ________.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a Freudian slip, which occurs when an unintended thought or feeling is accidentally expressed, often revealing underlying unconscious desires or feelings.

Question 14

A student who is hungry in the cafeteria decides to push ahead of the line to get food. What part of his personality is dominating in this situation?

Accepted Answer

The id is the part of the personality that is driven by basic urges and desires, such as hunger. In this situation, the student's action of pushing ahead in line to satisfy hunger demonstrates the dominance of the id, which seeks immediate gratification without considering social norms or the consequences of such behavior.

Question 15

Eric is very hungry, but instead of cutting the line in the cafeteria, he decides to politely ask the woman standing in front of him if he can pay for his meal first. Which part of his personality is most affecting his behavior at the present moment?

Accepted Answer

Eric's behavior is influenced by his ego, which mediates between his basic desires (id) and moral/ethical standards (superego), leading him to choose a socially acceptable way to address his hunger.

Question 16

Jason is twenty-five years old and goes against his parents' house rules by smoking cigarettes inside the house; he feels guilty about it but can't break the smoking habit. The guilt he feels for behaving in this incorrect fashion is produced by the ________.

Accepted Answer

The superego is responsible for upholding moral standards and ideals, which is why Jason feels guilty for going against his parents' house rules by smoking inside the house. This guilt is a manifestation of the superego's influence.

Question 17

"I'm going to take this candy because I want it NOW!" said the ________. "But, stealing is wrong," said the ________. "Let's ask mom if she'll advance our allowance so we can buy it today," said the ________.

Accepted Answer

The first statement represents the id, which operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification. The second statement represents the superego, which acts as a moral conscience. The third statement represents the ego, which tries to find a realistic way to satisfy the id's desires within societal norms.

Question 18

The part of the personality that operates based on the rules of moral behavior is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The superego is the component of personality in Freudian psychoanalytic theory that is responsible for moral standards and ideals. It operates as a critical and moralizing force, guiding the individual to act in a socially appropriate and ethical manner.

Question 19

Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies employed by the ego to avoid conflict and reduce ________.

Accepted Answer

Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies used by the ego to avoid conflict and reduce anxiety.

Question 20

According to Freud, if a child's needs are badly frustrated or are overgratified at one particular psychosexual stage, the child may become ________.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that if a child experiences too much frustration or overindulgence during a psychosexual stage, they may become fixated, meaning they are stuck at that stage and continue to seek its pleasures as an adult.

Quiz 12: Personality