Carol and Tom Are Anxious About an Upcoming Exam

Carol and Tom are anxious about an upcoming exam. According to research on self-handicapping, which of the following is most likely to accurately predict their behaviours?

A) Carol is more likely than Tom to use self-handicapping strategies
B) Tom is more likely than Carol to claim illness as a reason for doing poorly on the exam
C) Both are likely to claim drugs as a reason for exam failure
D) Both are more likely to party and drink too much than to claim stress as a reason for failure
E) Carol is more likely than Tom to attribute failure to illness