Studies of the Risky Shift Phenomenon Have Shown That

Studies of the risky shift phenomenon have shown that:

A) in some situations, there may be a shift away from risk if the initial positions of the group members lie in that direction
B) a shift can occur even when no risk is involved
C) the shift toward risk is only a specific example of group-induced attitude polarization
D) both a and c
E) all of the above