Question 1

According to Young, _______ occurs when a group of people is shut out from labor markets and thereby expelled from useful participation is social life.

Accepted Answer

Marginalization refers to the process by which certain groups are pushed to the edge of society by not having the same opportunities or resources as others, particularly in the context of employment and social participation, as described by Young.

Question 2

Young's analysis of exploitation is based on the work of

Accepted Answer

Young's analysis of exploitation draws heavily on the work of Karl Marx, particularly his theories on the economic and social relationships between different classes, and how the labor of one class is used to benefit another.

Question 3

According to Young, exploitation can be based on

Accepted Answer

Young argues that exploitation can be based on various factors including race, class, and gender, indicating that all of the options are correct.

Question 4

Young argues that the ways women's labor is often expended for the benefit of men is a form of

Accepted Answer

Young argues that women's labor benefiting men is a form of exploitation, as it involves unfair treatment and taking advantage of women's work for the benefit of men.

Question 5

Young argues that marginalization harms individuals by

Accepted Answer

Marginalization can lead to severe material deprivations, block opportunities for individuals to develop and exercise their capacities, and deprive them of rights and freedoms that others enjoy, encompassing all the options provided.

Question 6

Young argues that powerlessness as a kind of oppression is rooted specifically in the status difference between

Accepted Answer

Young identifies powerlessness as a form of oppression that primarily stems from the division between professionals and nonprofessionals, highlighting how access to knowledge, expertise, and the ability to make decisions can create significant disparities in power and influence.

Question 7

According to Young's analysis, individuals experiencing powerlessness suffer from a lack of

Accepted Answer

Young's analysis of powerlessness encompasses a lack of opportunity to develop capacities, a lack of work autonomy, and a lack of social respectability, indicating that all the options provided are aspects of the experience of powerlessness.

Question 8

According to Young, _______ occurs when a dominant social group establishes its own experiences as normal and universal, while the perspectives and experiences of other groups are treated as other, deviant, or inferior.

Accepted Answer

Cultural imperialism refers to the practice of promoting and imposing a culture, usually that of a dominant society, over a less dominant one. In this context, it describes how the dominant group's experiences and perspectives are normalized and universalized, making other groups' experiences seem deviant or inferior.

Question 9

For the oppressed, cultural imperialism creates an experience that W.E.B. Du Bois described as

Accepted Answer

W.E.B. Du Bois described the experience of cultural imperialism for the oppressed as "double consciousness." This concept refers to the internal conflict experienced by subordinated or colonized groups in an oppressive society, where they have to reconcile their own cultural identity with the pressures to conform to the dominant culture's norms and values.

Question 10

Young claims that the violence experienced by oppressed groups is _______ in the sense that most regard it as unsurprising, with the result that it usually goes unpunished.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Young claims that the violence experienced by...

Question 11

According to Young, no individual or group can experience all five categories of oppression.

Accepted Answer

Young argues that individuals and groups can experience multiple forms of oppression, but she does not claim that no individual or group can experience all five categories (exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence) she identifies.

Question 12

Young claims that, in the most general sense, oppressed people experience an inhibition of their ability to develop and exercise their capacities.

Accepted Answer

Young argues that oppression in its broadest sense involves the systemic constraints on groups that reduce their potential to engage, develop, and exercise their capacities and powers in various contexts, thus inhibiting their ability to participate fully in social life.

Question 13

Young claims that one group is more oppressed than another insofar as it is subject to more of the five conditions she identifies.

Accepted Answer

Iris Marion Young argues that oppression can be understood through five interrelated conditions: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. A group is considered more oppressed than another if it experiences these conditions more severely or extensively.

Question 14

According to Young, may oppressed groups suffer from violence that is systematic, legitimized, and irrational.

Accepted Answer

Young argues that oppressed groups often face systematic violence, which is embedded within societal structures and norms, legitimized through laws or cultural acceptance, and can be irrational in its application or justification, targeting individuals based on their group identity rather than any specific actions.

Question 15

On Young's view, all forms of oppression are rooted in the social division of labor.

Accepted Answer

Young argues that oppression has multiple facets and is not solely rooted in the social division of labor. She identifies five "faces" of oppression: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence, indicating that oppression is more complex and multifaceted.

Question 16

What are the five categories of oppression that Young identifies? Are there any categories of oppression that, in your view, should be added to Young's list? Are there any categories that should be removed? Explain and defend your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the five categories of oppression...

Question 17

Select a historically oppressed group of people and explain which of Young's categories apply to them and which categories, if any, do not.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select a historically oppressed group of people...

Question 18

Young claims that, in addition to class exploitation, there are also race and gender-based forms of exploitation. How does Young argue for this claim? Is her argument compelling? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Young claims that, in addition to class...

Question 19

Why, according to Young, is the difference in status between professionals and nonprofessionals relevant to oppression? Is Young right about this in your view? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why, according to Young, is the difference...

Quiz 29: Five Faces of Oppression Iris Marion Young