What Does Ann Arnett Ferguson's Study of African American Schoolboys

What does Ann Arnett Ferguson's study of African American schoolboys reveal about the "culture of poverty" thesis of "insubordinate" students?

A) That the problem is not individual, as this theory states, but rather interactional, between the boys and school staff, and institutional, a problem of race in the American system of education
B) That the problem is not institutional, as this theory states, but an individual. issue of these boys' troubles
C) That "insubordinate" behavior is a reflection of poor black households, disorganized entities loosely held together by single mothers dependent on welfare to survive
D) That schoolteachers are too hasty to accept responsibility for the boys' troubles, when research shows that they are caused by a variety of factors outside of the school