Before Shelby County v. Holder, Texas had to clear all of its election-policy changes through the U.S. Department of Justice. This practice was called

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The practice was called "preclearance," and it required certain states and local governments to obtain federal approval before implementing any changes to their voting laws or practices, to ensure they did not discriminate against voters of color. This was a key provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which Shelby County v. Holder effectively invalidated for the preclearance formula.

Before Shelby County V