Paul and Kate Are in a Distressed Relationship

Paul and Kate are in a distressed relationship. Jenna and Lisa are in a non-distressed relationship. Which of the following statements is likely to be true?

A) Paul and Kate are more likely than Jenna and Lisa to have lower empathy for each other.
B) Kate is less likely than Lisa to be defensive in an argument.
C) Paul is more likely than Jenna to criticise his partner.
D) Paul and Kate are less likely than Jenna and Lisa to have lower levels of validation towards each other.