Although the growth factors, BDNF and NGF, and the ApoE and LIF secreted by Schwann cells and macrophages promote neuronal survival, many other such cytokines can also collect at the site of injury. Such a gathering of these molecules is a normal physiological response to injury but can also inhibit axon re-innervation. This response is called

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Inflammation is the body's response to injury, involving the accumulation of cytokines and other molecules, which can sometimes inhibit axon re-innervation.

Although the Growth Factors, BDNF and NGF, and the ApoE