Dukkha is the belief in a permanent self that spawns "craving," greed, selfishness, and egocentrism, and these lead to misery.

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Dukkha, in Buddhism, refers to the inherent suffering or unsatisfactoriness of life, not the belief in a permanent self. The belief in a permanent self (Atman) is actually what Buddhism refutes, emphasizing instead the concept of Anatta (non-self).

Dukkha Is the Belief in a Permanent Self That Spawns