According to Shaw and McKay, what is the root cause of persistent criminal and deviant behavior in some neighborhoods?

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Shaw and McKay attributed persistent criminal and deviant behavior in some neighborhoods to social disorganization, emphasizing that such conditions are characteristics of neighborhoods rather than individuals. They argued that high rates of crime and deviance were due to the breakdown of social institutions such as family, school, and community organizations in certain areas, leading to a lack of social control and the transmission of criminal values from one generation to the next.

According to Shaw and McKay, What Is the Root Cause