In the social learning approach, negative formal and informal sanctions and norm-abiding definitions can counter the influence of reinforcement, exposure to deviant models, and norm-violating definitions.

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The social learning approach posits that both positive reinforcements (like rewards) and negative sanctions (punishments or disapprovals) influence behavior. Negative sanctions and norm-abiding definitions can counteract the effects of positive reinforcements for deviant behavior, exposure to deviant models, and definitions that favor norm violation, thereby promoting conformity to societal norms.

In the Social Learning Approach, Negative Formal and Informal Sanctions