Which of the Following Is Not a Public Policy Reason

Which of the following is not a public policy reason for the confidential informant privilege?

A) Information provided by citizens can assist the police in investigating and detecting crime.
B) Citizens should feel an obligation to report crime to law enforcement officials.
C) Withholding an informant's identity encourages individuals to cooperate with the police and protects individuals against retribution.
D) The identity of the informant is crucial to the ability of the defendant to offer an effective defense and confront his or her accusers.