An international system that requires self-help, ongoing arms races, and uncertainty with regards to the intentions of other states can all contribute to

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The security dilemma refers to a situation in international relations where the actions taken by a state to increase its own security cause reactions from other states, which, in turn, lead to increased tensions and insecurity all around. This cycle of action and reaction can lead to arms races and increased uncertainty about the intentions of other states, as each state tries to ensure its own safety in an anarchic international system without a central authority to enforce peace.

An International System That Requires Self-Help, Ongoing Arms Races, and Uncertainty