Between the first and second world wars, the academic perspective known as realism developed. According to this perspective,

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Realism in international relations theory posits that the world is a dangerous place due to the anarchic nature of the international system and that states, as the primary actors, are inherently self-interested and seek power to ensure their own survival. This perspective emphasizes the competitive and conflictual aspects of international politics.

Between the First and Second World Wars, the Academic Perspective