Sam's Family Has an Unwritten Rule That You Do Not

Sam's family has an unwritten rule that you do not invite people over without approval from his parents. One day at school Sam has a friend, Charlie, whose dad was supposed to pick him up but got stuck at the airport and is going to be a few hours late. The school buses have already left, so Sam tells Charlie he can come home with him until his dad gets home, even though Sam could not get in touch with his parents to seek permission. While Sam's parents are polite to Charlie, they tell Sam in private that he is grounded for a week for inviting Charlie over without their permission. What is Sam's punishment an example of?

A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) circular causality
D) redundancy principle