Sleeping sickness and Chagas's disease are caused by members of the genus Trypanosoma, protozoans that reside in the bloodstream.What is the principle way trypanosomes evade the immune response?
A) Antagonistic cytokines are produced by the trypanosome.
B) Periodic changes in the surface antigen (VSG) of trypanosomes ensures that at least some cells will survive antibody mediated attacks.
C) Trypanosomes are human pathogens and thus immune to human immune responses.
D) Trypanosomes invade the brain and red blood cells so that immune effector cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells cannot phagocytize trypanosomes.
E) Vaccines are readily available to people in trypanosome infested areas.
Correct Answer:
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Q8: Each of the following is a step
Q9: _ is/are known as an endotoxin.
A)C3a
B)Capsular proteins
C)Flagellar
Q10: Anaphylatoxins stimulate a localized inflammatory response, which
Q11: Which of the following are anaphylatoxins?
A)C1 and
Q12: Parasitic infections include
A)protozoans.
B)protozoans and helminthes.
C)prions and viruses.
D)prions,
Q14: How do Plasmodium cells avoid immune clearance?
A)Antagonistic
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Q16: Leishmaniosis is a disease that can either
Q17: Some species of fungi are part of
Q18: Cryptococcus may spread throughout an infected host.By
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