If we are conducting a study and seeking to determine the relationship between two variables, but a third variable complicates the situation and makes it hard to figure out the causal relationship, we term this third variable a(n) _____ variable.

Question

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A confounding variable is an external variable that can affect the results of a study by influencing the dependent and independent variables, making it difficult to establish a clear causal relationship between the variables of interest.

If We Are Conducting a Study and Seeking to Determine