What Concerns Drove Middle-Class Social Reformers to Form Temperance Societies

What concerns drove middle-class social reformers to form temperance societies throughout Europe and the United States?

A) Many advocated temperance because liquor and beer were often contaminated, as there were no government standards for food safety.
B) Temperance advocates saw drunkenness as a sign of moral weakness and a threat to social order.
C) Social reformers wanted to prevent election tampering whereby the votes of working-class people were bought while they were under the influence of alcohol.
D) Reformers believed that the enormous increase in criminal activity in cities was directly linked to alcohol-based organized crime.