How did Edward I counter Boniface VIII's move against secular taxation of the clergy?
A) By increasing the taxation of the nobility in order to finance his war with France
B) By declaring that all clerics who refused to pay the new state tax would henceforth be considered outlaws without legal protection
C) By coordinating his response with Philip the Fair and refusing to allow clergymen and pilgrims to leave England for Rome
D) By sending a deputation to Rome to negotiate with Boniface on a compromise, with pope and king sharing the taxation proceeds

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Edward I countered Boniface VIII's move by declaring that all clerics who refused to pay the new state tax would henceforth be considered outlaws without legal protection. This was a direct challenge to the papal authority, emphasizing the king's sovereignty over his subjects, including the clergy.

How Did Edward I Counter Boniface VIII's Move Against Secular